Problems in argument analysis and evaluation. Giving reasons: A linguistic-pragmatic approach to argumentation theory. Exchanging reasons: Responses to critics. There is always when subjective justification is being discussed an implicit reference to the beliefs themselves over and above their propositional objects, but this should not be taken to imply that state-given reasons can doxastically justify a belief, despite the fact that it can make it rational in some sense (in the sense, perhaps, of Pascal’s Wager).īotting, David. Obviously, q can be propositionally justified irrespective of whether the arguer takes q to be subjectively justified or not (and whether the arguer takes his believing that q to be rational or not), and also the propositions that the arguer takes to subjectively justify q may or may not be propositions that propositionally justify q. We can say in this case that q is propositionally justified. However, his belief that q may be rational (even when he does not think it is) in the objective sense because it is the logical consequence of other beliefs the arguer may have, though not of the proposition that the arguer takes it to follow from, viz., p. However, we can certainly say that when q is subjectively/doxastically justified by p, this can be glossed as belief that q causally depending on belief that p, without it being the case objectively that the truth of q follows from the truth of p, although the arguer must think that it does, at least as long as he takes his believing that q to be rational. What I want to avoid including are certain kinds of state-given reasons for belief-such as it being useful to have such a belief-that might crawl in when we start to talk about justifying a belief in contrast to justifying what is believed, i.e., the propositional object of the belief. I don’t think it matters which is used here. Another term that often gets used here in place of subjective justification is doxastic justification.
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